How to find out what was there before. Life on the Bones

The updated renovation program in Moscow has started. Within its framework, according to various sources, it is planned to demolish from 5 to 8 thousand five-story buildings in the capital, which do not meet modern requirements, living in them is uncomfortable, sometimes downright dangerous: the roof is leaking, the walls are thin, the ceiling risks collapsing at any moment, the foundation is destroyed. And also - too cramped kitchens, combined bathrooms without proper baths, almost complete absence of a corridor. According to expert estimates, the resettlement program will not be quick: it will take about 20 years to implement.

• number of floors – approximately 10-15 floors;
• built from monolith or modern panels;
• each building is equipped with an elevator;
• there are built-in fire safety and fire extinguishing systems;
• a barrier-free environment has been created for persons with disabilities;
• the first floors are considered industrial - they are intended for business, shops, beauty salons and other similar institutions will open there;
• the buildings will have wide staircases and large flights, people will not feel like they are in a cage.

It is noteworthy that all new apartments are furnished. Citizens will not have to spend a lot of money on repairs; everything necessary for a comfortable stay is already available in the premises:

• on the floor - laminate;
• there is good wallpaper on the walls;
• ceilings – leveled and painted;
• there are high-quality lamps everywhere;
• durable entrance and interior doors have been installed;
• there are plastic windows and wide window sills;
• modern fashionable plumbing.

Moving expenses

Some displaced people fear that moving “will cost a pretty penny.” After all, new housing is more expensive than old housing; you will probably have to pay extra to “make up” the difference? In fact, this statement is wrong. Citizens do not bear any costs associated with the renovation program. All financial obligations are assumed by the Moscow government.
The person and his family only need to pack their personal belongings and transport them to the premises received under the program. There will be no additional payments, hidden fees or commissions. If this happens, then there is a violation of the law - this urgently needs to be reported to the administration and the police - the relevant authorities will quickly sort it out and restore order.

By the way, in the constructed high-rise buildings even the utilities will be lower - the buildings are equipped with meters for water, heat, and electrical energy. Each owner regulates the supply and controls the consumption himself. The walls are thick and dense, the roof does not leak, the windows and doors do not siphon, which means that heat losses are almost completely eliminated.

Series, house plans

The demolition program includes buildings of the following series:

• 1605-AM;
• II-32;
• II-35;
• 1MG-300;
• 1-515;
• 1-510;
• 1-511;
• 1-447.

It is expected that in their place the following serial buildings will be erected:

• CUBE 2.5;
• Domrik;
• Domnad;
• Dommos.

Modern buildings not only look stylish, they are as comfortable as possible for living. There is all the necessary infrastructure - wide parking lots, playgrounds, places for walking pets, flower beds, benches, trash cans.

According to the plans of the Moscow City Hall, residential areas should be such that people do not need to leave them - a large number of shops, educational and sports institutions, schools and kindergartens, museums and libraries - it turns out to be a city within a city. Such “little things,” according to city authorities, should significantly reduce the load on the transport system and roads of Moscow.

Conclusion

It is already known that modern houses from 10 to 15 floors will be built on the site of demolished five-story buildings in Moscow. It is possible that 20 and even 25 storey buildings will appear. But these options are still only being discussed. New buildings meet the requirements of the 21st century - living in them is comfortable and safe. Apartments are rented with ready-made renovations, according to the principle: come in and live. All expenses for the renovation program are borne by the city authorities. Citizens benefit: instead of emergency premises, they receive new apartments for free, in which they do not need to invest additionally. They promise not to offend the owners - all premises will be equal in size, probably larger, but definitely not smaller.

It is traditionally believed that churches and temples have been built in places with positive energy since ancient times. But is this really so? After all, temples were often built on the site of former pagan temples, where sacrifices were made, and others were even built “on blood,” that is, where people died.

And there were often burial places near the temples. Many buildings Russian capital built on the site of former church cemeteries - they were demolished during the expansion and renovation of the city.

Meanwhile, by decree of 1657, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich prohibited burials in the Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod. In 1723, Peter I commanded: “In Moscow and other cities, dead human bodies, except for noble persons, should not be buried inside cities.”

However, after the death of the emperor, until 1771, the dead were buried within the city and only then stopped. The Soviet government destroyed more than four hundred church graveyards in the capital, along with churches, but built a cemetery right in the Kremlin wall. And the Mausoleum on Red Square still stands...

Occultists have a hypothesis that revolutionaries deliberately built buildings “on blood” - on the sites of graveyards and massacres. Moreover, they built not just houses, but government institutions - courts, people's commissariats. Allegedly, it is easier to confuse people’s brains, to hammer crazy ideas into their heads in buildings where a person’s consciousness becomes clouded and he begins to perceive reality distorted.

But there was nothing new in this; methods that had long been used by clergy were simply transferred to the new reality...

One way or another, the building that now houses the State Duma was built on the site of the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church in Okhotny Ryad. Near the wooden church in the 15th century there was a field where “judicial duels” took place.

There was a judicial practice in which the outcome of the dispute between the plaintiff and the defendant was decided in a fair fight - it was believed that this was “God’s court” and only the one who was truly right could win. Many were killed in these fights, and the ground here was literally saturated with blood. Later, a stone one was erected on the site of the wooden structure, and a parish cemetery was built behind the church.

It is interesting that the signs and functions of the main female deity of the Slavic pantheon, Mokoshi, were transferred to the cult of the Christian saint Paraskeva Pyatnitsa. Her image is associated with spinning, weaving and crafts. But the main thing is that Mokosh performed the work that the Moirai did among the Greeks, the parks among the Romans, and the Norns among the Vikings: she spun the thread of fate.

By the way, there were two Paraskeva Pyatnitsa churches in Moscow. Pyatnitskaya Street has preserved the memory of the female deity who was worshiped here since ancient times. Here, in the place where the lobby of the Novokuznetskaya metro station is now, stood another Paraskeva Pyatnitsa church, which had the status of “farewell”.

And according to ethnographic evidence, places of worship of Mokoshi were called “farewells”. It was here that her sanctuary was located in pre-Christian times. Both Paraskeva churches - sacred places where the invisible threads of fate are woven - were located opposite each other on both sides of the Moscow River.

In 1928, the church in Okhotny Ryad was demolished, and by 1935, the House of the USSR Labor and Defense Council was erected in its place. Later it housed the Council of People's Commissars and the State Planning Committee. It was here that projects like turning Siberian rivers to the south were often born. And it is not surprising that the current State Duma, where the fate of the state is decided, was traditionally located here too...

On July 11, 2002, Komsomolskaya Pravda published an article “The Supreme Court of Russia stands on bones.” It said: “In Moscow, under the floor of the Supreme Court building on Povarskaya Street, construction workers discovered human remains.

The main version of the burial is that a long time ago there was a cemetery here at the church. And in 1938 the temple was destroyed. In 1954, the Supreme Court building was built on this site. According to another version, the burial may date back to the 1930-1940 years of mass repression.”

Another Moscow landmark with bones is the building of the old Manege. It was built in 1817 by order of Emperor Alexander I. The construction of the building in the very center of the capital, near the Kremlin, was timed to coincide with the fifth anniversary of Russia's victory over Napoleon, intending it to host military exercises and parades.

Once upon a time, as the chronicles say, on the site of Manezhnaya Square there was the Stremyannaya Settlement of the Streltsy Regiment. In 1493 it burned to the ground. After the fire, it was forbidden to erect any buildings at that place: they were afraid that if it caught fire again, the fire would spread to the Kremlin.

In 1993, archaeological excavations began on Manezhnaya Square. Researchers recovered from the ground numerous household items, ancient coins, and jewelry. We also came across layers of pure sand and coal. These were the remains of a long-ago fire in Stremyannaya Sloboda.

Human remains lay at a depth of 6-7 m. Scientists have counted more than forty graves dating back to the period before the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1237. Most likely, the graveyard was located at an Orthodox church.

The warriors of Khan Batu burned the temple and destroyed the cemetery, and centuries later a Streltsy settlement was erected on this site. Perhaps people simply forgot what was here before, and this became the cause of a chain of further dramatic events.

On Sunday, March 14, 2004, the next presidential election was held in Russia. At 21:14 a fire started in the attic of the Manege. The fire area was more than 2000 m2. By midnight, only a charred skeleton remained of the monument of Russian architecture: the roof and end walls of the Manege were destroyed.

Muscovites are well aware of the gloomy-looking gray building in Moscow on Serafimovicha Street, known as the House on the Embankment. Its sad fame is associated primarily with the political repressions of the Stalin era.

The place where the house stands was once called the Swamp - because of the lake located here, overgrown with mud and duckweed. In the 16th century, boyar Bersenya Beklemishev (the embankment was named Bersenevskaya after him) began building his chambers here. Not completed, he was executed by order of Tsar Vasily III.

The construction was completed by Duma clerk Averky Kirillov, but even he did not have the chance to live in the new place: he died during the Streltsy riot. Around the same years, state criminals were executed in the Swamp. The legendary robber Vanka Cain robbed merchants passing here. In addition, there were fist fights very nearby. The churchyard of the Church of St. Nicholas on Berseny was also located here. In a word, the place is disastrous, unsuitable for life.

However, it was in the area of ​​Bersenevskaya embankment, on Vsekhsvyatskaya street, on the right bank of the Moscow River, on the site of the former Wine and Salt Yard, that in the late 1920s they decided to build a “house of the future” for the party elite.
Officially, it was then called the home of senior officials of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. Before construction began, all the old buildings were demolished. The foundation was placed directly on the tombstones of the old church cemetery.

The house was commissioned in the early 1930s. There have always been many legends about him. They said that between the walls of the apartments there were secret corridors, into which Lubyanka employees entered every evening to listen to what the residents were talking about.

Every now and then someone was arrested, but the neighbors did not see anything, since state security agents got to the landings not through the entrances, but through hidden passages in the garbage chute system. Those arrested were taken down the elevator to the basement, to the minus third floor, where the trolley was already waiting. From there they were taken through an underground tunnel directly to the Lubyanka.

Among the remaining residents, many committed suicide. Perhaps the general atmosphere of fear was taking its toll: the person was afraid that since his neighbor was arrested today, they would certainly arrest him tomorrow. Or maybe the negative cemetery energy of the area where the ominous building stands is to blame.

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In the new section “Unknown Facts” the site presents the most incredible things about our country that you don’t know. For example, what famous personalities love, what happened to your favorite actors, unexpected statistics await you and more

1. Did you know that everyone’s favorite song “Happy Birthday, Angel” turns 14 this year? It’s amazing that Diana Svetlichnaya wrote the words to this composition in half an hour. The musical story performed by the Insan group still remains one of the most beloved. The author of the song and performer did not expect that it would become so popular, and even long-lived.

2. Did you suspect what used to be on the site of the National Library? So, until 1980, a number of small one-story stores were located on the territory of the library - a bookstore, a grocery store, and a consignment store. And on the other side of the street, on the territory of the circus, there were shopping arcades. Behind the rows there was a flour market until 1950. The last buildings of the shopping arcade were demolished in 1975.

4. There is an opinion that children are born without a kneecap. But don't panic, it turns out that newborn kneecaps are made of soft cartilage tissue. And they are not very noticeable on x-rays.

5. Did you know that the Summer Theater was located on the site of the White House? This was the territory of the park named after I.V. Panfilova. The summer theater was open-air and surrounded by greenery, seating about 800 people. Although, those who did not make it to the performance could enjoy the work behind the fence. The Summer Theater received such distinguished guests as Muslim Magomayev, Zara Dolukhanova, Rashida Behbudova and many other world-famous artists.

6. Throughout the world, Kyrgyzstan is famous for its highest mountain ranges. It’s not for nothing that our country is called the “country of heavenly mountains.” Climbers who climbed Khan Tengri Peak have a tradition. They leave their message as proof that they have reached the top. The message contains his first and last name and the date of ascent. The athlete puts it in a capsule, then buries it for the next lucky person to conquer the “bloody mountain.”

7. It turned out that the first escalators and passenger and freight elevators in the republic appeared in the new building of the Aichurek Central Department Store. The building opened on August 14, 1974. The opening was a big event in the life of the city.

8. Surprising but true! Chyngyz Aitmatov’s script for the film “The First Teacher” was not approved by the director of the film, Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky. According to literary scholars, the writer tried to create a dramatic version of his sensational story. The director rejected Aitmatov’s version with the words: “This is not a script.”

Behind the front facade of building 44 on Independence Avenue begins the Golden Hill. Once the outskirts of the city, where they built a house for the elite, quietly destroying an ancient cemetery, and then eliminated “enemies of the people”, evicting entire entrances. Towers rose here, sending noise to the receivers of Minsk residents who decided to sip "Freedom" and listen to the "voices", and even a major terrorist attack was being prepared. The Village Belarus found out whether the residents of the house, which has become a symbol not only of evening Minsk, sleep peacefully.

Text and photos

ELENA SELKINA

ARCHITECT: Mikhail Barshch

LOCATION: Independence Avenue, 44

CONSTRUCTION: 1953–1955

SQUARE: 16,543 sq. m.

NUMBER OF APARTMENTS: 182

NUMBER OF FLOORS: from 5 to 7

SALE:$95,000 for a 2-bedroom, $160,000 for a 3-bedroom, $185,000 for a 4-bedroom

RENT PER MONTH: from 550 dollars for a two-room apartment

RENTAL PER DAY: 60–120 rubles for a two-room apartment

Quarter instead of the old cemetery

The intersection of Independence Avenue and Kozlov Street is today in the very center. But back at the beginning of the last century, this was the outskirts of the city - Zolotaya Gorka, where wooden houses very rarely stood along Zakharyevskaya Street, and an ancient churchyard began on a hill near the road.

People have been buried here since the 16th century. At one time the cemetery was Uniate, but later it became Catholic. When in 1832 a fire destroyed the church on Trinity Hill (now Trinity Suburb), a small wooden chapel on Zolotaya Gorka became the center of the first Catholic parish in Minsk, founded in the 14th century by King Jagiello.

There are several versions of why the hill is called Golden Hill. One indicates that the Old Market was nearby. The other was for inns that brought good income. Local robbers could have hidden loot on the hill among the graves. And, of course, the cemetery trees turned golden in the fall.

There is a beautiful legend about a pile of gold that the residents of Minsk collected for the construction of the Church of St. Roja. So the townspeople of different denominations of the saint for deliverance from the terrible cholera epidemic. The cholera cemetery began immediately behind the Catholic one, where the houses are now at the intersection of Zolotaya Gorka and Krasnozvezdnaya streets.

In 1864, the new Church of St. Rocha, in neo-Gothic style, was consecrated and has stood for a century and a half. For most of its history it was misused. Already in the 1930s, the temple was finally closed, and the revered statue of St. Roch disappeared from it. The gradual destruction of the cemetery began - construction along Sovetskaya Street reached these places.

The main destruction awaited in the post-war years - a new Stalin Avenue and nearby neighborhoods were created. Houses along Kozlova Street up to the intersection with Zolotaya Gorka Street and along it to Krasnozvezdnaya Street stand in a destroyed cemetery. In the first year, residents of the house, which would later be called “Evening Minsk,” saw how, after heavy rains, skulls and bones were washed out of the ground on the slope of a hill cut by builders. When they were digging a foundation pit for the Palace of Art, children from all over the area came running to watch the graveyard being demolished. Broken coffins, destroyed crypts, and gravestones were taken outside the city. Everyone was sure that the builders had secretly enriched themselves, because there could have been valuable things in the ancient tombs. The opening of the palace took place in 1973.

The cemetery was finally destroyed in 1980, leaving only a small part of the former territory untouched. They set about restoring the church: where the crypts of its founders were, they made a wardrobe, installed an electric organ made in Czechoslovakia in the apse, decorated the windows with stained glass and handed it over to the Philharmonic. A chamber music hall was opened here.

Only in 2006 the church and its territory were completely returned to the believers. One of the best organs in Belarus stands behind the altar - concerts and festivals are still held. The gravestones found near the church were compiled into architectural compositions. In September this year, 12 more tombstones were returned to the cemetery, discovered by local historians in a landfill near Sennitsa.

House with execution registration

The first transformations on Zolotaya Gorka began in 1934. On the square in front of the church at the corner of Sovetskaya and 1st Dolgobrodskaya streets (now Kozlova Street), construction began on a huge building with one hundred apartments for the new elite - the first House of Specialists in Minsk.

Architect Natalya Makletsova, a 25-year-old graduate of the Leningrad Institute, designed the building to block the view of the church. The house was built directly on the slope of the cemetery hill, separating the courtyard with a small retaining wall.

This was an event in the construction practice of Minsk. The first residential building with a six-story middle part, with elevators (which, however, were never connected) and a basement. The building had its own grocery store and bakery. When other Minsk residents huddled in communal apartments, specialists were allocated three- and four-room apartments.

The house on Sovetskaya, 148 was occupied in 1936. Architects Arkady Bregman and Alexander Voinov, writer Zmitrok Byadulya, poet Izi Kharik, the first People's Artist of the BSSR Vladislav Golubok and many others lived here - academicians, artists, military and party leaders.

When in 1937 Alexander Chervyakov and other “responsible workers” who committed suicide were carried to the Military Cemetery on 1st Dolgobrodskaya past their windows for burial, most of the residents already faced an equally terrible fate, which decades later can be reduced to a short note: “ Shot. Rehabilitated."

At the end of September, Vladislav Golubok was shot, a month later - Izi Kharik, when from October 29 to 30, 1937, about 130 Belarusian cultural figures were liquidated in one night in the basements of the NKVD prison in Minsk. After 80 years, their poems are heard again as songs in the project “(Un)stralated poetry” performed by Dmitry Voityushkevich and Svetlana Ben.

During two years of repression, most apartments changed owners several times. In 1938, the 64th changed four tenants in less than three weeks. The house was inhabited by “dead souls”; printing houses did not have time to reflect changes in address books.

The house with bad apartments did not last even seven years. During an air raid in June 1941, the neighborhood was almost razed to the ground. The ruins of the House of Specialists opened up a view of the Church of St. Roja. The house opposite (now 43 Nezavisimosti Ave.) was more fortunate - it survived and even ended up on the pages of the fascist newspaper Minsker Zeitung as an example of typical Soviet housing. After the war it was called the House of Scientists and Writers - Zmitrok Byadulya and Yanka Bryl, a dynasty of outstanding doctors, actors, ballerinas, and translators lived here.

The house was inhabited by "dead souls" printing houses did not have time to reflect changes in address books

The poetess Natalya Tatur was born in building 43 and remembers that while the architects were deciding what to put on the site of the House of Specialists, fear still lived in the building opposite: “No one put the children to bed until two o’clock in the morning. We had a communal apartment - the neighbors came to us and drank tea until late, told jokes, but no one paid attention to me, sitting under the table. Suddenly everyone fell silent, and the silence was ominous. Outside the window, the distinct sound of a car approaching the house was heard. The entrance door slammed. Everyone turned pale. They tried to guess what kind of entrance it was based on the number. The atmosphere at the table became increasingly tense. Everyone began to whisper. Someone was being escorted out of the entrance - the door of the arriving car slammed again. The silence was already ringing. The entrance door again. Which one? It seems like the third one. The next one is ours. The next door door slams again. The car starts and drives away. “Lapanka,” as these arrests were called, is over for today. Now you can go to bed. Tomorrow everything will start all over again."

Cosmopolitan architect

The ruins of the House of Specialists stood until 1948. In the same year, Professor Mikhail Barshch was dismissed from the Moscow Architectural Institute, accused of cosmopolitanism. Having secured support in Minsk, the architect came to Belarus.

“The city looked terrible, the center was complete ruins of brick and rubble. From under heaps of broken bricks and rubble, pipes of temporary huts stick out here and there, with smoke coming out of them. The newly built houses and some that have survived stand out strangely against the background of the general destruction,” these were his first impressions of Minsk.

When in 1950 they decided to build a new house with 200 apartments on the site of the ruins for workers and employees of the radio plant named after. Molotov (now Minsk Instrument-Making Plant), the project was entrusted to Mikhail Osipovich.

The architect studied estates, ancient temples and old paintings in museums and implemented ideas in the Stalinist Empire style. There was a struggle between “constructivists” and “decorators”, to which Mikhail Barshch belonged. The construction of house 44 on Stalin Avenue was completed in 1955, and despite the struggle with excesses, the front facade was exactly as intended.

The house is impressive in size and has a broken configuration, as if it consists of several buildings. Initially, the entrance with a colonnade at the level of the two upper floors was occupied by the plant's dormitory. In the evenings, workers held dances on the sites. There was a kindergarten in the semi-basement. On November 1, 1967, the editorial office of the new newspaper “Evening Minsk” moved into the corner entrance and has not changed its address for half a century. House 44 stands not only on the avenue, but also on the logo of the newspaper, having received its own name from it.

Gradually, scientific and creative intelligentsia settled in “Evening Minsk”. But the world was again uneasy - the Cold War was going on and the ranks of dissidents were growing.

Two towers

To prevent citizens from listening to foreign radio stations at night, the leadership of the USSR decided back in 1949 to “jam” foreign propaganda. The country is entangled in a network of noise and interference transmitters.

Minsk “jammers” were hidden in the courtyard of 44 houses - two hundred-meter iron towers with four-lobe antennas. Not everyone was ready to put up with this. In 1963, Minsk student Sergei Khanzhenkov, a demolition worker by profession, prepared a suitcase of explosives for the hated radio station. He spent his ten years of strict regime in the camps of Mordovia, next to other famous dissidents - Sinyavsky, Daniel, Ginzburg, and then returned to Minsk.

Sergei Khanzhenkov willingly talked about unfulfilled hopes to the Izvestia correspondent: “The idea arose - to blow up the jammer! God forbid, no blood! Purely demonstrative act. Just one evening, thousands of people will turn on their radios as usual, and the air will be clear. There will definitely be talk: they blew up the “silencer”! What is a “silencer”? Why is it needed at all? And the people will perk up.”

Jamming stopped only during perestroika. In the early 90s, one of the towers was dismantled, the antennas on the second were changed, adapting them for transmitting cellular signals. New residents moved into house 44, not suspecting that in the yard was the very object No. 3 that they wanted to blow up.

“I don’t know any other place where I could sleep so peacefully”

Nina Nikolaevna

I purchased a four-room apartment at 44 Nezavisimosti Avenue

I was born in Leningrad and spent some part of my life there. I really like that Minsk is so similar to my hometown. This is not surprising, because it was built by Leningrad and Moscow architects.

In Leningrad we had an apartment with high ceilings in a beautiful house. All the best things come from childhood, so in Minsk I liked an apartment in such an iconic building, I bought it 25 years ago. Three families moved in at once - mom and dad, and other relatives. We invited everyone. Like all parents, they dreamed of living with their children. My daughter said that she would be with us, but years later, naturally, she changed her mind. Now the two of us with my husband in a hundred-meter apartment are too spacious.

When the renovation was being done, I came up with and approved a rather radical redevelopment, but, of course, the small details, the authentic stucco molding on the ceiling, were left. All the stucco has been restored; we called a master from the film studio. The walls were also leveled with plaster, and not with plasterboard, as they do now. When the parquet was replaced, the joists were updated. We tried not to deviate from the technologies with which the house was created.

By this time, I had lived in Europe and seen how space was organized there. We combined the kitchen and living room. Using the corridor that previously led to the kitchen, we expanded the bathroom and even found space for a second small bathroom. Two adjacent bedrooms were divided - now the bedroom and study have their own doors. The redevelopment made the apartment comfortable for us.

I used to work and rent housing in Europe - in Italy, Austria - it’s probably easier to list the countries I haven’t been to. From Venice, for example, I brought that painting. I am in love with this city, it also reminds me of Leningrad.

I came up with the design of the apartment myself. She was the first to purchase a white kitchen with emerald Venetian glass and began to do the entire interior in white and green. The furniture was brought from Italy, because in 1995 there was simply no such thing here, the double-glazed windows were from Poland.

It is important to me that there is one big room that unites everyone. And at the same time, everyone could retire to their own space, close the door behind them and work or relax. I don’t understand the fashionable desire to put a TV in every room - one in the common room is enough, but you need to sleep in the bedrooms. And I must say that you sleep very well here.

I was never worried about the proximity of the cemetery. It seems that after the war there is not a single place in the center of Minsk that was not built “on bones,” because during air raids people also died under the ruins. But this place is next to the church, prayed for, and you can feel a special atmosphere. On weekends, beautiful couples get married to the sound of beautiful ringing, and in the evening you can hear the sound of an organ. We have ash parquet; they used to make floors in churches from it - jokes aside, but perhaps this also protects our peaceful sleep.

My parents also moved a lot from place to place; my father was a military man. He was supposed to be transferred to Belarus, and I went to enroll at BSU, but in the end he was sent to another place. I stayed to study in Minsk, then got married. She completed her graduate studies and defended her dissertation in Moscow. She studied molecular virology and traveled a lot, like a real cosmopolitan.

In 1986, she went to America for the first time. I was a member of the board of the Soviet-American Friendship Society. It was in Reykjavik that Gorbachev signed a cooperation agreement, and the next morning we flew to New York. I had never been abroad before - I tried to keep up the brand. We were supervised by American doctors: there I saw non-surgical removal of kidney stones and in vitro fertilization.

I remember how in Soviet times I couldn’t get in line for an apartment. We lived in a one-room apartment near Komarovka: with a living space of 20 meters, and according to the standard of 6 meters per person, there was a surplus. Candidates of Science were entitled to an office, but since there was none in the apartment, it was not taken into account. When it became possible to buy a home, we chose this option.

This apartment is unique. There are only six of these in the huge house - they start from the third floor directly above the arches that connect the side five-story parts of the house with the seven-story part. In the middle one there are elevators located in glass bay windows, but we only have stairs, and getting to the fifth floor can be difficult.

The neighbors are very good and intelligent. There are many shops in the house, across the road is "Ocean", TSUM is nearby. Transport stops are right under the windows, you can get anywhere in 15 minutes. Minsk residents like to joke about the metro: “For the first cars it’s “Yakub Kolas Square”, and for the last ones it’s “Victory Square”.

Now I have temporarily put the apartment up for sale along with all its furnishings, and I really don’t want to part with it. But we no longer need such a big one. The children have moved away, and my husband and I are spending more and more time in our country house. I like living in the center of Minsk - my girlfriends are here, life is in full swing, but my husband is comfortable outside the city.

It would be nice to buy a two-room apartment in the same area, my soul has become attached to it. Small, in a building with elevators, so you can live comfortably. It’s so interesting to know what “A-100” will build on the site of the trolleybus depot. You in The Village find out soon, please. According to the plan, houses should be built in the Stalinist style.

Signs for building a new house were invented by our ancestors several hundred years ago. It is advisable to follow them so that you can live well in this house, and so that prosperity and happiness do not leave you.

You need to start building a new house on Tuesday, Friday, Saturday or Thursday. These are the best days for this. The moon phase that is suitable for this type of work is the full moon. If you follow these guidelines for the construction of your new home, it will be strong and last a long time. And the time of year is spring or autumn.

You cannot start construction during a leap year, otherwise you will suffer misfortune related to the house. Don't start on Sunday or the day dedicated to the holy martyr.

You cannot work on a construction site every day - rest on Sundays and during church holidays.

The location chosen for construction plays an important role. Under no circumstances should they build houses on the site of old cemeteries, otherwise they will be disturbed by ghosts. This way you can invite death into your home.

If you bought two neighboring plots, you can only be happy for you, because you will have a large house and, most likely, you have a large and friendly family. But you can’t put a house on the border of two plots or on the border of anything in general, it’s a bad omen.

You cannot build houses where lightning has struck. It is believed that the land there is “evil” and the place is “bad”.

Do not put a foundation on the site of an anthill, this will lead to quarrels and disputes with neighbors, high mortality and illness in the family.

If you are building a house where someone has lived before, be sure to find out about the former residents. If there was a murder on your territory, the site threatens you with problems and the loss of family members. Don't buy material from a building where the occupants have suffered from repeated failures. It is also undesirable to live after quarrels and swearing, alcoholics and seriously ill people. As a rule, such problems arise due to evil spirits that simply do not leave their homes.

If you are putting a new house in place of an old one, make it larger. Otherwise, the brownie will not like the cramped space, and he can reduce the number of residents in accordance with his usual concepts of space per person.

You cannot put houses where there used to be a bathhouse, and there was a fire in it. Otherwise, you too will suffer from the fire.

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Where the elderberry grows, no foundation is built. It is believed that it grows only in bad places.

The place where there used to be a road is not suitable, otherwise all your wealth will leave you along it.

The best place to build a residential building is land that has never been plowed. If there is a lot of sunlight and space - very good. When the area is large, or you are building a house in a field, release the cow, and where she lies down there will be a good place to live. Traces of dogs, cats and cows also mean that the place has positive energy.

Signs for building a house - materials

It is common for every person to save. Building a country house is far from a cheap pleasure, and such a desire is not surprising. Many people buy materials that have already been used. There are signs for building a house that make you pay attention to the materials used.

You cannot take materials from an old house that has had a fire. The same applies to residential premises in which the entire family died mysteriously or in a logically inexplicable manner. Otherwise, something bad might happen to you.

You cannot build a house from poplar. This is a vampire tree. It is considered as unfavorable as aspen. If you use trees from the cemetery, you will attract death.

Signs for building a house - stages of construction

Only those craftsmen who do not dislike those who will live in this place should be engaged in construction. Therefore, in the old days they always tried to appease builders. At the beginning of each stage of building a house, they are sure to treat you to vodka and a snack to go with it.

There are also special signs when laying the foundation of a house. Usually they put incense, some wool and a coin there. Wool promises that no one in the house will freeze in winter, incense protects against evil spirits, and a coin will save you from want and poverty. If you put pine branches, you will save your house from being struck by lightning.

The girl should lay the first stone in the foundation, then it will always be pleasant to be in the house.

When making a roof, unopened pine cones must be placed under it to protect against evil forces.

If they make something from logs, they are not laid crosswise, this portends death.

The stove is made on the new moon, then the house will be warm and cozy even in winter. And when it is ready, leave something for the brownie - bread, milk or vodka.

You can’t smear the house on Mondays, otherwise there will be rodents and other household pests.

When construction is completed, you should walk around the house and look at the condition of the trees that surround it. At the same time, our ancestors removed diseased plants without pity, so that their diseases would not spread to the residents.

When finishing work is going on, there is usually a lot of debris left on the floor. It should be removed at night. It is believed that angels look into houses at night and give their blessing to those who have cleanliness and order. This also pleases the brownie.

If you've already installed doors in your new home, don't leave any of them open when you leave.

When your new home is ready, before the family moves in, you should first let the cat spend the night. It will scare away all evil spirits, but will not touch the good brownie if you already have one. Read about how to invite a brownie to a new building in the corresponding article on our website. The brownie plays an important role in the well-being of the whole family.

You should not move into newly built housing during Lent. The best time for this is a waxing or full moon, then the house will always be warm. It's good to do housewarming at dawn. If you're going to have a party to celebrate this, wait at least three days. Under no circumstances should you do this on moving day.

Using such signs will greatly help you in your new home. If you follow them, then failures, evil eyes and curses will pass you by, and if you ignore them, then your life can turn into hell.

Signs for building a new house - how and why - all the secrets on the site

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